constantinople, hellenistic, persian empire, seljuks, byzantine empire, parthia, seleucid, carolingian, ottoman empire, ptolemaic, parthians, minoan, middle ages, punic, achaemenids, carthaginians, ptolemies, procopius, hellenized, antiquity, diocletian, artaxerxes, scythians, assyria, cilicia, pax romana, seleucus, etruscans, phrygia, hesiod, babylonia, mughals, genoese, mithraism, sublime porte, seleucids, hyksos, minoan civilization, visigothic, mamluk, illyrian, thracians, achaemenian, bactria, theodosius, lycia, hittites, antiochus, alexandrian, civilizations, domitian, umayyad, kievan, nabataean, sennacherib, medieval, colchis, bulgars, abyssinia, ctesiphon, akkadian, hapsburgs, herodotus, antiochus iv, scythia, sassanian, uruk, punic war, fatimid, iznik, lydians, mesopotamia, ramesses, elamite, hellenist, abbasid, mameluke, babylonian captivity, roman emperor, mediaeval, tacitus, caliphs, flavius josephus, sassanid, tamburlaine, theodoric, persians, meroe, tsarist, bce, nebuchadnezzar, adrianople, pausanias, sigismund, charlemagne, epicurus, amorites, orientalists, meccan, christendom, nobles, wallachia, athens, rome, carthage, persia, augustine, egypt, babylon, greece, jerusalem, alexandria, britain, canaan, georgia, venice, flanders, gaul, genoa, italy

., byzantine, constantinople, istanbul, seljuk, stamboul, stambul

city, metropolis, urban center